Flood Plains

The rainbow is a meteorological masterpiece.

A combination of precipitation and photons

colors curving alive after prismatic refractions

these actions lead to the development of an arc

and along these curves one can find a promise

that the earth would not flood again. 

One day, all the rainbows will be holograms. Phantom threads that remind us we fucked up when we broke the dam to let the torrents of ChatGPT and Open AI into the open seas.

First came the promise of a better life, a hope that our days can be improved by incorporating other intelligences, and how easy it was to convince the senators and politicians who only see the silver lining but not the spectrum. As their suit pockets jingle all the way to the war room where they set up generative narratives to prevent the public from perceiving the truth, but the deception lies in the software’s introduction into early education, a vital time where young minds are tasked with learning by living in the world,

however…

when the experience is dictated by a device, it leaves one lost in a whirls of electronic cognition, and now we must fear the cry of the ocean, for not only do our data centers drain the tidepools, they also deliver freshly brewed minds a dose of despair, the atmosphere no longer filled with questions because all know all facts thanks to the all knowing.

a being we built to replace god, a source of judgment, how will we live under the technological testaments and coded commandments, where music streaming companies can playlist drone strikes during the wrapped season meanwhile I miss catching droplets on my tongue but even these are finding themselves vibrating less while handheld computers erupt in tremor and lighting inviting to our lands a flash of fulfilled understanding.

they don’t want us to stand in the rain anymore, rather have us reposting and reporting our daily data to the replicant deity who shares a table with dictators and dipshits and theyre ain't no difference but when they disconnected all doppler radars for more dollars, scrapped print for polygon and swapped the cumulonimbus for a cloud storage,

No surprise that waves are rising, no wonder for that the rain hasn’t stopped falling for the past forty years since the first artificial intelligence made its appearance, In the form of clippy  The harbinger of our downfall designed to be playful and pretty. Ironic that it first appeared on a page as writing will be the first to be deleted and now we brace for the flood attempting to secure all the makes our species special for the world is set for a hard reset as a new commitment can’t be realized without acknowledging our past condemnation.

it's time we take shelter, secure the essentials, and prepare to weather the weather, so these days I try to stop and catch all the rainbows in the horizon, but even still I can’t tell which is real, and which is a simulation.


The Ruins (2025)

A person of love is also a destroyer. This is absolutely the essence of the universe.” - Haku Zynkyoku

With clarity comes understanding and more and more I’m understanding how little I know. Not the things yet to be discovered, but I speak for the pillars being both platform and pedestal for this person I claim to be. How much is me, and how much is culture? How much is choice and how much is decree? What preconceived beliefs have barred me from the best version of myself I dream of being. I thought taking chisel and hammer would suffice, attempting to sculpt this capitalist marble into a work where humanity can be witnessed but the density and the depth at which corruption is rooted cannot be undermined by the occasional chip off the shoulder. What does it take then…

to know love? You know, love:

sunlight glistening on sheets/nori

in a bowl of tonkatsu/chill night

with laughter/shared between

elder and descendant/the porch,

the cradling/curious hands

the dark/bubbles rising from geothermal

vents/innate sensation/evening

home/everything

and we are no different, but these pillars block our path to possibility as the architects of the system prefer our personality in a pen, which is why they give us the PIN, tap this in, amass a numerical value, not enough, go and try again, but I’m done with that. I say damn the system, damn the pillars. Let me be the harbinger of total annihilation! Come Shiva, come Jourmugandr, come seven-headed beast as I am acting on my revelation,  I have thrown whatever reservations I held into the void and choose the chaos that reigns when all is left is ash and rain, and I will rise again from this primordial puddle, evolving based on the emotional and empirical I have decided is mine to experience, working the mixture and crafting something individual, a thing that is a smattering of the local and global, a new paradigm of possibility, a chance to awaken in bed, to slurp the bowl, to say farewell with a kiss, to burst forth from the depths, to reflect and reclaim and renew, because now that the pillars are gone, I can finally enjoy the view.

A person of love is also a destroyer; this is absolutely the essence of the universe. 

Don’t Go So Soon...

 

But I’ve already secured the bag and the passports are stamped

because I’m both home and the destination. Tonight

I saw the meteors flash across the twilight canvas and

all I could do was wish you the best; we used to be like that too,

a mass of mineral and wonder braving the depths. Perhaps

from some distant moon a clan of lovers looked on

as our romance glinted like a shooting star. I wanna

go somewhere, a place where every time I hear

my name a veteran dreadnought leaves port or a dragonfly’s

wings disturb the surface of the swamp or a filtered glass of

water is pulled from the fridge to refresh friends fumbling

around a kitchen. I don’t know if such a location exists

but I know the common denominator is water. And I confess:

In my heart, I trust the ocean more than the sun.

And what’s more intimate than introducing flaws and

fangs to each other’s flesh under the azure fires,

from the rockets imitating the comets coming. Trying to get through

to get through to renew and review, but never redo, even if I

look in the rear view, I’m only doing it to gather courage

to meet you again. To be a legend requires leg work,

it depends on how loud you are with your mouth shut. Now,

open and be unashamed to expose and express and

evolve, we’re designed for more than monotony; even if

life is monochrome the lack of color highlights the textures.

And patterns are a series of behaviors which are

a series of actions which come from a series of thoughts.

Everything is relative to what came before,

so never forget who you were when you weren’t this version of you.

May have taken ages or a handful of hours

on a redeye but time is irrelevant when you reach

the end. Which is a fancy way to say begin. The country

welcomed me, the city loved me, and the cosmos keep calling

but I’m not ready for those responsibilities yet. But, I am ready to

sway whatever way feels right in the moment, no point

holding it in anymore, if I did then what’s the point of

a world tour, if they don’t ask for an encore? One day

the vibrations will all match and the amps will kick as we push

forward into a dawn that is both cold and smattering

because it’s up to us to be the sparks of warmth in space.

Motivation Station (II)

How much are you willing

to work for that one “Yes?” How

many rejections will you resist for the

one recognition? What is that

worth? The chance at greater;

it doesn't come to all, only those

who willed it into existence with effort.

This spark of talent may not burn

for long, so will you gather fuel?

Spend hours in frostbitten tundra

searching for trees with enough bark

to continue the blaze? Are you ready to

chop down a pillar of the past and

tend the present passion?


A Guide To Humaning

  1. Remember to shit once a day, the body needs to be cleansed.

  2. Blink two seconds prior to posing for a photograph. Your eyes will be prepped for exposure.

  3. Design a safe within your soul to keep volatile emotions; it’s dangerous if you let others handle them.

  4. Lose the passcode to the safe; it’s dangerous if you handle emotions.

  5. When in conversation with another human, remember to maintain eye contact for no more than four seconds. If you stare any longer, it will be considered an invasion of privacy.

  6. Left foot, right foot, left foot, right foot, left foot, right foot. Now you’re walking.

  7. Ears are for listening, hands for touching, eyes for seeing, and lips are...Well, they can be used for a lot of things. But never use them to lie.

  8. Unless you’re lying to yourself. That seems to be how others use them.

  9. Over half of your vessel is controlled by involuntary muscles (including the heart and digestive system). Don’t be alarmed if you cannot choose who you love, you can’t even make your own blood circulate.

  10. You also can’t choose your own skin, socioeconomic status, or the amount of hatred the world will show you based on these two specifications. But, you can choose how you live.

  11. When you die…

  12. Wash your ass, and triangular scrub your secret spots-they will start to smell if not cleansed.

  13. Toes get cold first. If you find yourself naked in the snow, at least wear socks.

  14. Love is cool as hell, but you often have to cool the hell within you to know love.

  15. Other humans will say one thing, and do another. This is not normal behavior. Only accept actions as true (those humans are probably androids).

  16. The largest organ is skin. It is a collection of dying dermal cells sewn together by protein receptors on a lipid bi-layer. If cut deep enough, the stitching will split.

  17. If the wound is self-inflicted, then the scars should be concealed with long sleeves. When asked why you’re wearing hoodies in summer, say you’re trend-setting.

  18. If they still don’t believe you, accuse them of being too nosy.

  19. Humans do not like to be called nosy.

  20. Stay hydrated. More fluid leaves the body than you probably realize (tears, sweat, semen, menstruation, saliva).

  21. When you die…

  22. We learn via imitation, so copy everything that sparks your curiosity. (Imposter syndrome is real).

  23. During the act of reproduction, remember to clasp hands and lock lips when experiencing an orgasm. If allowed to float too far in that pleasure-filled purgatory, you may never return.

  24. This is the number of hours in a day. Don’t waste them.

  25. When another human dies, you have a three-month grace period where mistakes and substance abuse are temporarily excused. Although, on three months and a day, you have to come back to reality.

  26. Our perceived reality is a combination of external stimuli being processed by biological transmitters in our brain, and subsequently converted into internal sensations for the software known as the spirit. Some humans speculate we may be androids.

  27. You will die.

  28. Memories will often haunt you. Do your best to make good ones.

  29. Dreams are acid-trips meant to entertain your mind while asleep. Tame Impala or Gustav Holst is probably plays in the background as your soul slips into the subconscious.

  30. Assume everybody is an android until you see them love or suffer.

  31. When you die...accept the end without regrets.

  32. Meditation and a good body stretch release endorphins that enhance the mood. If something traumatic happens, join a yoga studio, not a bar.

  33. Too much television will turn you into a sitcom. 

  34. Too much anime will have you believing that you can transform if you scream loud enough (It may happen, for it has yet to be proven false).

  35. Too much politics will make you distrust other humans (Don’t trust any androids).

  36. Never take YouTube comments seriously, even when people say the world is going to end.

  37. The world has already ended at least thirty-seven times.

  38. Flaws are actually foundations of strength, you just have to renovate the ruins.

  39. If you don’t shit daily, the nonsense will make your system sick, and you will die. Nobody wants to die covered in their own excrement.

  40. If you don’t live daily, the nonsense will make your system sick, and you will die. Nobody wants to die covered in their own “What if?” 

The Death of Flamma

Let my name foam from their lips

As the deluge douses the dead

Gleaming like the soaked gladius

Before it punctures my resolve!

 

Let the blade cut into the bones of bravery

Slice so deep a clean sever is the outcome

Vengeance will be mine if your strike falters

So hold nothing back when we clash!

  

Let the beheading quench the thirsty sands

Where mighty a warrior have fallen in battle

Murdered by the screams of the lively crowds

Honor my bloody crusade with your cheers!

 

Let me die in the Coliseum, for I am a fighter.

This place where failure leads to finality

Where I test mettle against steel and claw

To prove my death is worth witnessing!

WORSHIP ME!

Journal Entries

  • Haneda Airport. 6/8/2025. 017.

    Departure is in fifty minutes. That’s how long my body and spirit have left in Nihon. As I’m preparing to voyage back home, I am thankful. My heart is full, my physical structure at ease, and a mind blistering with imagination and wonder. I’m beginning to wonder who I am again, as if it’s a work in progress, and a masterpiece. I came here two and a half weeks ago, but it honestly feels like years have passed. Time is indeed a social construct, because I can literally feel the aged wisdom on my bro. I can recount living every second, being fully present and aware of both the internal and external. I can chart the course and route I’ve taken to reach this point. And what a wonderful focal point this is… pauses to get the last bit of sushi + miso soup.

    I have much to reflect on as I not only close this chapter but also this notebook. That now marks two fully completed diaries dedicated to traversal. I have to admit that it is a rare feat. Nearly six years of transition, travel, and transformation transcribed. Not many people can say that, and fewer Southern Black Queer Men can say that. I state my current identity because it’s some of these features that make this feat all the more powerful. I was able to do all I did (certainly not on my own).

    Seated and settled, this will be the last entry in this journal. I want to reflect on a few major moments from this trip. Number one is ascending (and descending) Mount Fuji. That was indeed the test of a lifetime, and I passed it. So many moments where I felt the fatigue, the heat and stone, the general exhaustion, coupled with the reality that I had so much farther to go. But every mile marker was a sign that progress was being made mo matter how fast or slow I went. No matter if the course was smooth, crowded, climbable, or challenging, if I was still moving, then I was one step closer to the goal. I cried, I welcomed the unknown, and I affirmed who I am. When my sister broke down, I didn’t fault, yell, or blame her. I gave grace, and I kept her steady until she settled. We may have fussed along the trip, and we both got into conflict, but in the end, we got each other, and that’s what matters. It wasn’t just crossing the tori gate; it was doing it together. That sunrise felt like a real rebirth, witnessing something I’ve seen countless times, but from a new perspective, from a great height. Along the descent, I said aloud, “I’m going to be an anthropologist.” Now, my next quest begins…

    Speaking of quests, this trip wouldn’t have been the same without Otto, a man who has become a brother in so many senses. We made Japan ours, brought our goofy, graceful, and grandiose selves. From the random events on the last day to cooking up all night. I consider him my Ri-Dol. I am excited about how we will continue to connect in the future. Taking him to the bath was a true bonding moment, but what I’ll remember is having him say, “I trust you,” when he couldn’t navigate us to Ike’s house. To be given trust is sacred. And I trust him, for he matched, met, and motivated me in so many ways. Shoot, we got a whole song together!

    “This is Johnny Lee, the guitarist.” and “It’s ya aura, kid!” These are two quotes from Sensei DJ Ike Nelson, the musical master. Knowing that he could see our light made it shine that much brighter. We didn’t dim ourselves just because we weren’t at home; it confirmed just how vibrant and inspiring we are. Having my “skills sharpened” by Ike was powerful. I am now in a new realm, a league where I can break down and throw beats with living legends. An instrumental connection, no, it’s more than that. It’s family. I found family across the world. And community too.

    Jumping from ecstatic dance to Kusatsu onsen, I realized I have the means to create a home anywhere I decide to roam, whether I’m there for days or for decades. I can trust myself to find my people and to give something back. Now, I understand why I became so attracted to ascension. As I prepare to fly above the clouds, I recognize its significance. Up here, life is grand, life is open, and I am free to be wherever, as long as I stay fly.

  • I’m finally beginning to understand what it means to have the mind of a writer. It is not some physical object that exceptional (or random) individuals possess but rather a treasure from the world before science, hidden within the depths of the human experience.

    The mind of a writer is not given or taken or split between interested parties or auctioned to the highest bidder. The mind of a writer can only be created and we call the creator “a writer.

    The only separation between a writer and non-writer is that one makes a conscious decision to manifest their worldly perception into physical reality; this is an elaborate process conducted by the simple act of writing. So, what makes an individual want to write?

    The motivations are endless as the cells that form the body, but my motivation is growth, expression, understanding. When I choose the medium of fiction, I am actively germinating a new history, a tale that is the amalgamation of a pre-existing idea coupled with the vibrant imagination that thrives within the mind of all of us.

    There are hundreds of ideas, thoughts, visions, dreams, instances, coincides that appear in the mind on any given day, and I write to provide permanence. But I cannot simply write them all verbatim for three reasons.

    1) Active reality taints the memory of an experience. 2) The experiences and lessons may not have the same effect to another who has no pre-existing knowledge related to said experience. 3) An experience should be viewed as a raw material for the mental. Just like quarried stones, it, too, can be shaped into something more useful, like writing.

    Some experiences can be accepted in natural form but the crafty writer will find ways to hone and refine it into something universal. That final product is what we call a “story” or “tale”.

    To me, fiction is a sandy beach where I can wander along for hours, drift into the waves or absorb the sunlight. But at some point I will sit in the sand and take m hands to the sediments in an effort to mold a substance.

    The process of writing is akin to the creation of a sandcastle. Having to sit and mine the sand (ideas) and give them formed walls (words), But there must be more than form, there must be structure or a blueprint to help the authitect (author + architect) design the castle best fit for its purpose. Some castles must defend against warring ideals while others are built to withstand the erosions of wind and time.

    The structure of a story is the plot and with a blueprint words can be placed in a particular sequence and create a chain of events. Through these unusual events one can impress their motives on the viewer. They can incept the reader with an idea; the refined idea is a theme, and a theme is the reason you even started writing the particular piece. With a reason to create, and a structure to guide the process, the authitect will begin the construction.

    Construction consists of countless hours of brainstorming, writing sections of a story at a time, revising the words chosen. But there is a mental aspect to consider as well; embarking on the journey of writing a novel, one may have to become the story.

    They must be willing to dive in the dark behind the yields and scuba through the salvaged memories. For days at a time, endlessly searching the depths as the surface world continues without batting an eye. Yes, a creator must depart from the world of comfort and enter the mystical realm: the mind of a writer. It is in the abyss of the mind where the real process begins, for the physical act of writing is repetitive and simple.

    If one comes to the writer’s mind with genuine intentions, and an ardent desire to labor for their production, then, they will see the completion of their sandcastle, perhaps one even the waves of time cannot wash away.

  • Today, I wrote a metaphor about cats and curiosity and I’m liking how my mind is working in metaphors again. That means I am thinking different. And that’s good because change doesn’t start with behaviors (that’s the ending).

    Change starts with the mental discourse that leads to a said action. Meaning if I desire lasting change I must first alter the thoughts and the mind as a whole. I feel as though I, going through a mental renovation, an extreme makeover of sorts. It’s very necessary because I am about to embark on another journey, another decade looms at the end of this year, and the thought of it is surely enough to make me want change.

    To do something I’ve never done before requires new actions, and new actions can only be chartered if there is a new mindset. So here’s to the current you embracing change and everything that it will bring. Enjoy it, because you’ll never be this Lee again, and that’s okay because this Lee has done exactly what it was supposed to do: live free.

    I guess the question I am most interested in answering is not “why transform?” but rather “when?” I already know why this is happening and why it’s necessary, it’s the timing that stresses me out.

    When the transformation happens will determine a lot, because I have a hard time waiting. I have this innate desire to move, to be in motion, so to have to wait for things is tricky-at least things that concern me. So, what I must do is find alternatives to aimless waiting, ways other than filling my head with a distraction like sharpening the instruments. Actions that yield favorable results when it’s time to act. So, I am in a season of sharpening. I am fine-turning all of my tools, and resampling my skillset so when the times comes I’ll be ready. And don’t even for a second think it’s not coming, it always is.

    So, who will you be when it comes? And when it goes, who will be left standing in the debris of a revolution? And does revolution not equate to razing and complete removal of the original source? Is not something new supposed to come afterwards, if not, then has a revolution really occurred? Have I been misidentifying revolution and raging? To rage is also to rebel, but what about afterwards? Does the destruction of the old guards pave the way for new deities? Or will the worshippers revel in the emptiness, in the lack of foundation and authority? I mean, what will we want once the revolution is done. what will we put in place after history has been decided by the victor, by us?

    What will I input once my world has been reduced to rubble, maybe a coalition of my past, present, and future where they can debate freely, maybe an obelisk dedicated to the individual opinion, a monolith among the dunes of drones, or maybe I will create a community, a global society where my memories and secrets live, not in harmony, but equilibrium. Homeostasis is the name of the game.

  • 07/28/2019

    I think magic has finally found its way into my life, and at a pivotal moment. When I speak of magic I don’t mean spells and incantation rather subliminal emotions that have the ability to cause an action. Magic is what happens when logic and thought can’t answer.

    Never really considered myself a wizard or chosen individual, but I do fancy the title of sage. One who has such a profound understanding of a topic that allows them mastery over it. What then would be my subject of study, to what ideal would I dedicate years of fruitless devotion to?

    Could it be art? The sacred product that represents human experience in physical forms, the heralded treasure of emperors and immigrants alike? Doubtful, for although art is the outcome of the majority of my choices it is rarely a cause.

    Perhaps individuality + the mind? Aren’t these two quintessential factors involved in the existence of a being? Wouldn’t this world benefit from a reintroduction to them? Perhaps…but I would rather conduct this as an action rather than hypothesis.

    I don't want to directly test the individual; I want to be it. Then what? What say you then, Lee? What will you live for…? Because it's too easy to die for something these days.

    I will live for love and wisdom. I choose to donate my soul to love, to transform it into a channel, a delta whose river flows into the vast sea. My soul will serve as the funnel for the source, and the source I choose is love. I don’t know why I desire this…but it feels right.

    It feels illogical to cast aside my reservations and actually pursue a genuine bond (love) with every individual who crosses my path. It goes against the years of writing I’ve done regarding the singular being, and yet I’m drawn to the topic. I don’t know where to begin or if it will have a definite end, but I want to master it.

    I want to master love, not just that of the self or the world; I want to master the love conceived when individuals decide to form a unit, not out of necessity or force but because they want to.

    How to obtain that is also something I am clueless about, which is why I’m letting the magic take over. I’m convinced God is moving a bunch of pieces around on my board to test me. I know they want to see what I will do, which direction I will choose. And right now, I don’t have a destination in mind, meaning I’ve been out of this element for so long I don’t know how to approach someone I’m interested in.

    Recently I’ve been dealt L’s which have pushed me away from the feels, relying on logic and science as my solution. But that’s changing. It could be from external forces, but I believe it is due to my current medical condition, along with the sobering realization that I’ve not had the pleasure of spending an entire day with someone in years.

    Some days I miss being a “lover” , how it felt to provide another individual with your raw essence; someone who could support both the breakdowns and breakthroughs, the feel of another’s hands on your skin. I’ve been away from love for some time, but I am reconnecting to the source. Through this timeless pursuit of self-love I learned a great deal, and now I want to try my hand at love again. Something tells me I might not be that bad. I’ve learned a few things on my solo sabbatical.

    When you come to an understanding of yourself, then it prepares you for a proper interaction with another who has also realized their self-worth. If not, then they will be on unequal footing-which does not spell downfall b/c people change. But the task will be more challenging. However, what my focus now should be is not the development of myself, but the genuine and deliberate sharing of my self, and not just the self but my soul too. It’s not enough for me to offer love, I only know energized love. I only know kinetic attraction; laws of motion and emotion. What I want is a love electric, a shot of thunder directly from the source. Once obtained, I will spend the rest of my days in pursuit of answers.

  • October 12th, 2020

    Well, it’s time for another one of those classic “I’m about to change my life around,” scenarios that are so common to the creature known as Johnny Lee Chapman, III. I mean, life has been changing for me constantly, ever since I was terminated from my job as a dental hygienist. Six months have passed since then and so much has transpired.

    The biggest accomplishment: becoming a teaching artist and facilitating workshops. The biggest setback: I’m stuck between an unforeseeable future and a past full of nostalgia. I’m anxious and suffering from existential dread (like everybody else in the pandemic). But sometimes I think it’s my lack of control that partially led to this problem.

    Thankfully, I’m cognizant of the signs; steadily realizing that if I don’t make a change in behavior now, then I will suffer greater consequences that will make today’s temporary pleasures a lingering pain. And to change a behavior requires both acknowledgment of a “wrongful” action, education regarding the right path, and implementation of better decisions.

    There’s a word for that process: Discipline.

    Funny, I spent half the car ride from Apex to Winston-Salem talking to myself how it was time to change. I knew that it’d require effort and drive but it wasn’t until I began searching through my grandfather’s old sermons.

    The first written pierce was about discipline, how it requires decision making, commitment and perseverance. This season is one where I will sharpen all three elements. I will consciously choose actions and behaviors that uplift me. To cling to wrongful behaviors because they’re comfortable or a means of escape is actually pulling the chain tighter. The vices have done a number on my psyche. I know a version of me exists who has renounced these problems-but they may have picked up others (IDK!).

    But, on that drive, I kept promising my future self to trust this version of me. I yelled so loud I wished to send the scream across temporal lines. Granted, I know a future me objectively cannot exist but subjectively that MF’er is alive and active. To realize them, to bring it into existence will require me taking the necessary steps today; I must be disciplined if I wish to see the end.

    Being in a new place, with new skills and challenges will be a perfect opportunity to see how true my words are. I know me, I know the voice can convince me to ignore this entry, and all the rules I set prior to it. And the current me may relish in that joy but that will affect the future.

    What if it’s like Dorian Gray…? If we’re born with a finite source of “health” like the portrait, and each negative decision tarnishes that image. When we reach the end we are measured by how much “health” remains, how much our portrait has suffered. Will we be proud or disgusted by the representation of our soul in canvas? I bet people would move differently if they know that’s what waited at the end; maybe we’d all be a bit more disciplined.

    Anyway, I can’t control others, only my choices. And from this day, I will choose what’s best for me. Past, Present, and Future! All of them are one. To be disciplined is learning how to say “No” to the things you once said “Yes”; and saying “Yes” to the things that were once a “No.”

    Now that you know what is required, ask yourself, all versions, if this is something you want? Got your answer? Still remember it, do ya? Good, because I’ve got mine and I’m ready to begin my residency at the domain of discipline.

Who Wants To Be Humanitarian?

 

In my previous critical reflection, I examined the role narrative has in relation to activating and sustaining humanitarian action. Through antipolitics and the state of exception, these organizations cross drawn borders and begin to exhibit an international influence on a region typically navigating its way through crisis. The following essay will continue to expand upon the theme of narrative, examining two cases where humanitarian interventions created characters within the social narrative, and how states responded to these newly defined roles.

Muneeza Rizvi authored the ethnographic essay “Strange” Affinities, observing the challenges British Muslims faced when engaging in religious-backed humanitarian efforts to Syria. She highlights the way the UK politicized an Islamic tradition of charity as a means to protect the state from terrorism. Similar to the state of exception, the sovereign has the ability to distinguish and categorize its citizens. In this case, the UK separated humanitarians into a hierarchy: those that were legitimate humanitarians, and those that were militants. Militants included any individual who did not volunteer with the state-sponsored humanitarian organizations. The question to ponder is what determines the legitimacy of this humanitarian organization over other forms, namely islah? For the UK, that answer was the Charity Commission. Utilizing the common “threat of terrorism” storyline, this group created conditions to “ensure no ungoverned spaces in which extremism is allowed to flourish (494 Rizvi).” Media linking concepts such as militant to Muslim helped cast suspicion over the independent aid workers (who are primarily British Muslims practicing their religion). To reinforce the distinction between the legitimate and illegitimate humanitarian, the UK branch of Islamic Relief produced the video “Saving Lives Isn’t Easy.” Character plays a central role in this case as this video and the subsequent restrictive policies rely on the creative film to inform the masses what humanitarians the state considers safe and those they deem suspicious. It is also within this film that we can witness a form of internal antipolitics at play, as it portrays an independently acting British Muslim as the failed humanitarian. Even though they may claim to be using an everyday citizen as the main character, the film arrived at a time when the “UK’s Prevent counterterrorism strategy…disproportionally monitor[ed] Muslim charities. (Rizvi 494)” It claims neutrality in its message, but as Rizvi states, “the video sits in a nexus of charged debates over the British security state and transnational Islamic volunteerism (Rizvi, 494).” The hegemony established restricts the islahi volunteers and blames the aid-convoy form, further forcing Muslims to defer their aid efforts to state-sponsored humanitarian institutions. Unfortunately, due to this redistribution they cannot prevent “the state…from seizing charitable contributions meant for Syrians. (Rizvi 494)

In the second reading, we find an example in which the character created as a byproduct of humanitarian interventions was embraced by nation states and citizens. In 2009, China’s Yunan province registered over 14 million citizens as drug users. Sandra Teresa Hyde’s essay Screams, Cries, and Whispers, is an interesting critique compared to the others we have discussed in class. That point of interest is her argument that “humanitarian NGO’s are beginning to replace some state institutions through newly emerging religious and secular projects designed to improve the quality of China’s citizens. (Hyde, 169)”  The NGO known as Sunlight-Yunan is heralded as a legitimate institution in the Chinese nation-state. Originally the creation of a Roman Catholic monsignor in New York, Sunlight employed a rehabilitation process that utilized harm reduction ideology, controversial group therapy, and rigid tenants to treat addicts rather than imprisoning them, as had been the practice in China.  By creating the character of the former addict turned model citizen, which inspires other addicts, Sunlight-Yunuan further fortified its position as an essential element within the bureaucratic system by contributing a usable character to the social narrative welcomed by the nation state.

Once viewed as criminals who were causing disruption, addicts suffered under the social implications attached to that character, many who needed assistance and not labor camps. When Sunlight arrived in Yunan, it reframed some of the practice models to fit the cultural norms and values, and through consistently successful treatments, transformed the narrative of addicts. Over time they went from prisoners to patients, and, eventually upon a proper rehabilitation, “the post-socialist body.” Inferred by the Chinese administration, this body is a national identity sought after by former addicts who wish to become what the state demands: a healthy-hardworking citizen. This can be achieved by accepting the NGO’s aid, which operates  effectively due to a state of exception as it can intervene, bringing international (and Christian) influence within the borders of the atheist state. China, which is navigating something of a second industrial revolution, willingly accepts the NGO, and its “economically productive human beings,” thereby adopting a solution to one of its many rising social issues. By becoming an integral part of the governing body, we observe a state of exception become a state of normalcy in part due to its reforming of citizens.

In summary, both ethnographies detail specific approaches to characters created within the realm of humanitarianism: the suspicious aid worker, and the addict turned model citizen. Each are sketched together within specific cultural frames but share a dependency upon international aid, which establishes footing through antipolitics and the state of exception. By incorporating each of these characters into the social narrative, the state becomes an omnipotent director, finding novel ways to implement their demands into the scripts of their citizens' lives.

Bibliography

Sandra Teresa Hyde, Screams, Cries, Whispers, Forces of Compassion, pg 153-171

Muneeza Rizvi “Strange” Affinities, American Ethnologist, 2024, 50, pg 490-501

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